The complexity of natural resource conservation on refuges continues to increase due to the necessity of incorporating both environmental and societal factors into the decision-making process. To address these challenges, this course provides guidance to those involved with refuge biological programs, particularly refuge station employees new to the position. National and regional factors are discussed in a meaningful context to strengthen the sense of purpose and define the role of refuge biology. At the refuge scale, instructors identify and describe in more detail the structure and function of biological programs; the roles and responsibilities of biologists; and key characteristics, skills, and knowledge that allow successful use of biological information to support refuge management.